Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2018, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (34): 5469-5476.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0682

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Evaluation of osseointegration of plasma electrolytic oxidation coated titanium implants in vivo

He Tao1, 2, Zhang Yunhui3, Zhang Chao1, Xu Zhiguo4, Dong Yuqi1   

  1. 1Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Shanghai Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China; 2Laboratory of Biomechanics and Experimental Orthopaedics, Clinic Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximillian University, Munich 81377, Germany; 3Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Baoshan District Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China; 4Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Energy Zaozhuang Mining Central Hospital, Zaozhuang 277100, Shandong Province, China
  • Received:2018-09-02 Online:2018-12-08 Published:2018-12-08
  • Contact: Dong Yuqi, Chief surgeon, Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Shanghai Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
  • About author:He Tao, Doctorate candidate, Surgeon, Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Shanghai Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China; Laboratory of Biomechanics and Experimental Orthopaedics, Clinic Gro?hadern, Ludwig-Maximillian University, Munich 81377, Germany
  • Supported by:

    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30700170; Shanghai Key Basic Project of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission, No. 07JC14057; Shanghai Science and Technology Commission Nano Special Project, No. 0852nm03300; the Funded Project of China Scholarship Council, No. 201606230235

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Abstract:

BACKGROUND: A number of in vitro cytological experiments have shown that titanium oxide surfaces with oxidized coatings exhibit better biocompatibility and biological activity than conventional titanium metal surfaces.

OBJECTIVE: To further observe the osseointegration ability of plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) coated titanium rods in vivo.
METHODS: Thirty-six 16-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats (purchased from Shanghai Sippr-BK Laboratory Animal Co., Ltd., China) were used to establish a bilateral distal femoral intramedullary nail implantation model. PEO coated titanium rods were implanted into the left side as the PEO group, whilst uncoated titanium rods were implanted into the right side as the control group. At 2, 4, and 6 weeks after implantation, the rats were sacrificed and bone specimens with implants at the distal femur were harvested. Van Gieson staining, double-labeled fluorescent staining, and biomechanical evaluation were then performed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Van Gieson staining results showed no fibrous tissue ingrowth at the implant-bone interface in both the experimental group and the control group. At 2 weeks of implantation, bone tissue growth was observed at the implant surface in both groups. The osseointegration around the implant was formed at 4 weeks of implantation in the PEO group, while that of control group was formed at 6 weeks after implantation. (2) Double-labeled fluorescent staining results showed that at 2 weeks after implantation, implants in both groups were closely bound to a large amount of newly formed bone tissue. When implanted for 4 weeks, the newly formed bone in PEO group was in continuous contact with the surface of the implant, while that in the control group was in contact with the surface of the implant in a discontinuous block. At 6 weeks after implantation, continuous implant-bone contact was observed in both groups, but the amount of newly formed bone was significantly lower than that at 4 weeks. (3) Biomechanical examination results showed that the maximum compression load of the PEO group at 4 weeks was higher than that of the control group (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the maximum compression load between the two groups at 2 and 6 weeks (P > 0.05). In the PEO group, the maximum compression load at 4 weeks after implantation was higher than that at 2 and 6 weeks after implantation (P < 0.05), while in the control group, the maximum compression load at 6 weeks after implantation was higher than that at 2 and 4 weeks after implantation (P < 0.05). Overall, our study findings indicate that the PEO coated titanium rods have better osseointegration than pure titanium rods in the early stage after implantation.  

Key words: Titanium, Prostheses and Implants, Osseointegration, Biomechanics, Tissue Engineering

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